Ryan Moorhen
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In the spring of 1852, Layard was obliged to close his excavations for want of funds, and he returned to England with Rassam, leaving all the northern half of the great mound of Kuyûnjik unexcavated. He resigned his position as Director of Excavations to the British Museum's Trustees, and Colonel (later Sir) H. C. Rawlinson, Consul-General of Baghdâd, undertook to direct any further excavations that might be possible to carry out later on. During...
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There is no document of greater importance to the study of the pre-Columbian mythology of America than the "Popol Vuh." It is the chief source of our knowledge of the mythology of the Kiché people of Central America, and it is further of considerable comparative value when studied in conjunction with the mythology of the Nahuatlacâ, or Mexican peoples. This interesting text, the recovery of which forms one of the most romantic episodes in the history...
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The earliest temples were simple huts made of plaited wickerwork, used as shrines for the symbols of God; the altar was nothing more than a mat made of reeds. In the earliest temples, a wall surrounds the name-stela, later covered with a roof. Temple construction became increasingly complex with the advent of the New Empire, although the plan remained virtually unchanged from the earliest to the latest. A sanctuary in the simplest form consisted of...
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The so-called descendant of the Elder God is often seen as a rival in such relationships. Many of his followers worship elder gods. During his lifetime, Nebo acquired something of a reputation as a god of wisdom, and it may have been because of this that he was able to stand apart from Merodach without becoming absorbed into the cult of the great Deity of Sumer. The writing was credited to him, as it was to all 'wise' gods. His department interpreted...
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Sargon of Agade or Akkad is a name associated primarily with later Mesopotamian tradition, and modern writers view his reign as one of the most crucial periods in the ancient history of his country. As Nabonidus mentions the age of Naram-Sin in his text, the Dynasty of Akkad has become the canon to measure the relative ages of other dynasties of rulers whose inscriptions have been found on various Mesopotamian sites in the past. Despite those historians...
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The most mysterious Anunnaki governor of all was Ur-Nammu of Ur, who subsequently became an independent Anunnaki king (2113-2096 BC) and founded a spin-off Anunnaki dynasty known as the Third Dynasty of Ur (or Ur 3 period), which endured for more than a century (2113-2006 BC).
This Anunnaki empire was more compact than the Sargon of Agade and showed an advanced Anunnaki Sumerian civilization in its most fully developed form. It was a highly organized...
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The Pharaoh Akhenaten, who ruled almost half of the civilization for a brief period during the fourteenth century BC, provoked a greater flow of ink from the pens of historians, archaeologists, moralists, novelists, and Nephilim Researchers than any ruler of Ancient Egypt except Cleopatra. He was the greatest Nephilim of all, which explains all this lively interest. In search of the conscious and unconscious records of Ancient Egypt, historians are...
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A perusal of the texts of the Seven Tablets of Creation, which King was enabled, through the information contained in them, to arrange for the first time in their proper sequence, shows that the main object of the Legend was the glorification of the god Marduk, the son of Ea (Enki), as the conqueror of the dragon Tiâmat, and not the narration of the story of the Creation of the heavens, and earth and man. The Creation, properly speaking, is only...
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With the fall of the Assyrian empire in 606 B.C., Mesopotamia once more regained her national status. This meant that her national god Merodach was no longer subservient to the Assyrian Asshur in a political sense and regained his place as sole head of the Mesopotamian pantheon.
Great must have been the satisfaction of the people of Sumeria when this comparatively mild tyranny removed, they could worship their gods in their way, free from the humiliating...
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In their origin, the great cities of the Sumerians were little more than collections of rude huts constructed at first of reeds cut in the marshes and gradually giving place to rather more substantial buildings of clay and sun-dried brick. From the very beginning, the shrine of the Anunnaki Gods played an essential part in the foundation and subsequent development of each center of the population. Of the prehistoric period in Sumeria, we know little,...
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The objects found in the graves of the predynastic Egyptians, i.e., vessels of food, flint knives, and other weapons, etc., prove that these early dwellers in the Nile Valley believed in some kind of a future existence. However, as the art of writing was unknown to them, their graves contain no inscriptions, and we can only infer from texts of the dynastic Period what their ideas about the Other World were. They did not consider it of great importance...
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Mars is of particular interest for the study of the origins of life because of its similarity to the early Earth. This is especially so since Mars has a cold climate and lacks plate tectonics or continental drift, so has remained almost unchanged since the end of the Hesperian period. NASA's Curiosity rover has found new evidence preserved in rocks on Mars that suggests that the planet could have supported ancient life. It has also found evidence...
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Most Egyptians were probably descended from settlers who moved to the Nile valley in prehistoric times, with population increase coming through natural fertility. In various periods there were immigrants from Nubia, Libya, and especially the Middle East. They were historically significant and also may have contributed to population growth, but their numbers are unknown. Most people lived in villages and towns in the Nile valley and delta. Nearly all...
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Plato has preserved for us the history of Atlantis. If our views are correct, it is one of the most valuable records which have come down to us from antiquity.
Plato lived 400 years before the birth of Christ. His ancestor, Solon, was the great law-giver of Athens 600 years before the Christian era. Solon visited Egypt. Plutarch says, "Solon attempted in verse a large description, or rather fabulous account of the Atlantic Island, which he had learned...
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From a time beyond the dawn of history, humanity has been seeking to explain the universe. At first, the effort did not concern itself further than to make a supposition as to the causes of the various phenomena presented to the senses. As knowledge increased, first by observation and later by experiment also, the ideas as to these causes passed progressively through three stages-the theological (the causes were thought to be spirits or gods); the...